By ZAHNER-Elektrik GmbH & Co.KG
Moving from single cells to fuel cell stacks, for example PEM and solid oxide,introduces effects that only appear under series operation, such as cell-to-cell variation and uneven reactant distribution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at the kilowatt scale separates the ohmic, kinetic, and mass-transport losses across the full stack while it operates under a realistic load. Synchronous per-cell measurement shows which individual cells limit performance. It also reveals how flooding, drying, and catalyst degradation develop across the stack, which a single terminal-voltage reading cannot provide.
