Techniques: - Nanoindentation and micro indentation - High load Vickers hardness testing Cracking (crack generation) can be studied using either indentation or scratch testing depending on the applications. Fracture toughness, K 1C, can be computed when long enough cracks are generated by the indentation process. In some cases, the indentation curve will also show the exact load at which cracking occurred. Testing includes: ASTM B294 ASTM C748 ASTM D785 ASTM E18 ASTM E384 ASTM E2546