Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
The formation of metal hydrides is important to a wide range of energy technologies, from hydrogen storage to fusion materials. Researchers used palladium (Pd) nanoparticles, which have a high hydrogen affinity and can be precisely synthesized, as a model system for studying the insertion of hydrogen into a metal. They synthesized Pd nanoparticles, interconnected into assemblies with a high density of Σ3(111) grain boundaries (GBs), to probe the role of GBs in hydridation. They found that the assemblies of Pd particles with the GBs had significantly faster hydrogen insertion than isolated nanoparticles. These assemblies also feature localized strain along the GBs that increased with hydrogen exposure. Computations showed that strain lowers the barriers to hydrogen insertion, making it more favorable along the GB.
Metal hydrides play key roles in energy technologies and chemical phenomena, ranging from electrochemical energy storage to plasma processing for microelectronics. Understanding how the presence of GBs in the nanoparticles influences the overall material properties is important for developing materials with targeted properties. The atomic-level insights from this work provide mechanistic information on the role of GBs in hydride formation that can help enable the development of new design strategies for GB-directed synthesis of functional materials.
GBs are frequently implicated as key defects that facilitate metal hydride formation. However, the structural complexity of GBs makes understanding their specific role challenging. Researchers investigated hydrogen insertion in Pd nanostructures enriched with well-defined Σ3(111) GBs (PdGB) synthesized via electrolysis-driven nanoparticle assembly. In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals that PdGB exhibits dramatically accelerated hydriding and dehydriding kinetics compared with similarly sized ligand-free and ligand-capped Pd nanoparticles. Mapping using environmental transmission electron microscopy shows that the strain is highly localized at GBs and intensifies upon hydrogen exposure, indicating preferential hydrogen insertion along GB sites. Density functional theory calculations provide mechanistic insight that supports these findings, showing that hydrogen insertion near Σ3(111) GBs is energetically more favorable and that tensile strain lowers insertion barriers. These results provide atomic-level insights into the role of GBs in hydride formation and suggest new design strategies for GB-directed synthesis of functional materials.
Reference
Σ3(111) Grain Boundaries Accelerate Hydrogen Insertion into Palladium Nanostructures
K. A. U. Madhushani, Hyoju Park, Hua Zhou, Diptangshu Datta Mal, Bingxin Yang, Qin Pang, Dongsheng Li, Peter V. Sushko, Long Luo
In magnetic materials with antisymmetric exchange interactions, novel particle-like spin textures called magnetic skyrmions can appear and be manipulated by electrons. First observed in 2009, they have been created and controlled at room temperature in many materials. Skyrmions, as nonvolatile information carriers, are key in electronic and spintronic devices. Their size can be just a few nanometers, enabling high storage densities. They require low current to move, are topologically stable...
The blue-green lab-grown crystals look like solid rocks, but their atomic states are constantly changing. A team of researchers at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University recently discovered a new example of a quantum spin liquid – a unique state of matter that may one day be used in qubits, the information-storing quantum computer components analogous to classical computer bits.
Drugs are often only needed at a specific site in the body. That is why medical research has long been trying to deliver them precisely to where they are needed – in the case of a stroke, directly to the vicinity of the blood clot. A team from ETH Zurich has now achieved decisive breakthroughs on several levels in pursuit of this goal. The results have been published in the prestigious journal Science. The authors of the publication include Professor Tessa Lühmann from the Institute of Pharma...
