Surface & Interface Analysis

k-Space Associates ICE system

The k-Space Associates ICE system (Integrated Control for Epitaxy) measures several thin film parameters in real time during growth, for the most accurate control of conditions and film properties. * Substrate or thin film temperature by emission-corrected pyrometry (425 – 900° C) * Reflectivity and emissivity * Film thickness, growth rate, and index of refraction (n and k) * Film stress and substrate curvature.

Surface Chemistry

The term surface, or interface, is used to describe the boundary between two different phases; a platinum catalyst and its operating environment, for example.

Electrocatalysis & Electrocatalytic Studies

Electrocatalysis sits at the intersection of electrochemistry and materials science, focusing on reactions that occur at electrode surfaces.